Pengaruh Penyesuaian Warna pada Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) terhadap Kemampuan Working Memory pada Anak Autisme
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of colors adjustment on the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on the ability of Working Memory in children with autism. The study was conducted at Autism Training Center (PLA) Sidoarjo and Ceria PAUD Airlangga University with the number of subjects as many as 4 children, with details of 2 children of hyposensitive autism and 2 children hypersensitive autism.The intervention tool during the study was 15 color-adjusted PECS images according to Birren's color theory (2010) and Brewster's color theory, created in 1831, under the most hypnotic hypersensitive and hypersensitive conditions according to Mostafa (2008). As for the instrument pretest and posttest researchers use the theory of short-term memory from Atkinson (2014) with the aim to know whether the subject can understand the information with a maximum time of 30 seconds.Based on the results of data analysis using statistical analysis Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, it was found that there is no significant influence between the color on PECS on the ability of working memory of children with autism because the significance value of 0.180 because the number of subjects that are too few is 4 children. However, from the results of pretest posttest graphs and researcher notes, the four subjects experienced a considerable increase in scores.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The author who wishes to publish articles in this journal agree with the following conditions:
- Author retains the copyright and simultaneously provides the journal the first publishing rights of the manuscript under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an initial job writing and publishing statement in this journal.
- The author can include in separate additional contractual arrangements for the rich version of non-exclusive distribution of journal publications (eg posting it to the institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with recognition of publishing initially in this journal.
- The author is permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example: in the institutional repository or on their website) before and during the submission process because it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and more powerful citations of published works. (See open access policy).
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder edition (DSM-V). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Birren, F. (2010). Color psychology and color theraphy : A factual study of the influence of color on human life .Whitefish. Kessinger Publishing L.L.C.
Birren, F. (1997). The power of color. New Jersey: Carol Publishing Group
Bourque, Kathy., & Goldstein, H. (2001). Social stories written text cues and video feedback, effect on social communication of children with autism. Florida State University. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34 (4), 425–446.
Coulter, R. A. (2009). Understanding the visual symptoms of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nova Southeastern University: College of Optometry.
Delphie, B. (2009). Pendidikan anak autistik. Yogyakarta: Kompetensi Terapan Sinergi Pustaka.
Engelbrecht, K., Gaines, K. S., Curry, Z. D. (2011). The inclusive classroom: The effects of color on learning and behavior. Texas Tech University. Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences Education, 29 (1).
Franklin, A., Sowden, P., Burley, R., Notman, L., & Alder, E. (2008). Colour perception in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1837-47.
Grandgeorge, M., & Masataka, N. (2016). Atypical color preference in children with autism spectrum disorder. Université de Rennes, Rennes, France and Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
Griffin,S., & Sandler, D. (2010). Motivate to communicate. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Handoyo, Y. (2009). Autisme pada anak. Jakarta: PT. Bhuana Ilmu Komputer
Handojo. (2004). Autisme : Petunjuk praktis & pedoman materi untuk mengajar anak normal, autis dan perilaku lain. Jakarta: Bhuana Ilmu Populer.
Huchendorf, L. (2007). The effects of color on memory. Faculty Sponsor: Melanie Cary, Department of Psychology. Journal of Undergraduate Research X .
Ismail, A. 2006. Education games: Menjadi cerdas dan ceria dengan permainan edukatif. Yogyakarta: Pilar Media
Kusrianto, A. (2006). Panduan desain komunikasi visual. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
Lawson, W. (2007). Sensory assues in autism. UK: The Autism and Practice Group Learning Disability Services.
Lonkar, H. (2014). An overview of sensory processing disorder. Western Michigan University. Honors Theses of Medicine and Sciencs Common.
Ludlow, A. K., Wilkins, A. J., & Heaton, P. (2006). The effect of coloured overlays on reading ability in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Mayangsari, S. (2010). Interior color concept for behavioral therapy of autistic children based on lovass method (ABA). Petra Christian University Indonesian. Psychological Journal of Department of Interior Design, Faculty of Arts and Design, 26 (1), 56-60.
Mustika, S. A. (2014). Pembelajaran pola ritem untuk anak autis dengan media warna. FBS Universitas Negeri Padang.
Omar, S., & Bidin, A. (2015). The impact of multimedia graphic and text with autistic learners in reading. Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University Malaysia. Journal of Educational Research, 3(12), 989-996.
Paron-Wildes, A. J. (2002). Sensory stimulation and autistic children. Regents of the University of Minnesota. Journal Informe Design, 06 (4).
Pratiwi, P.Y., Budisetyani, I.G.A.P., & Wulan. (2013). Emosi dan penggunaan warna dominan pada kegiatan mewarnai anak usia dini. Jurnal Program Studi Psikologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana.
Puspitosari, L. (2010). Pengaruh warna dapat membantu proses pembelajaran anak usia dini. Jurnal Playgroup Al Naba Arjowinangun.
Sugiyono. (2007). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tulving, E. (2000). Memory: Overview. In A. Kazdin (ed.). New York: American Psychologica Association and Oxford University Press. Encyclopedia of Psychology, 5 (pp. 161-162).
Whitaker, L. J., Catherine R. G., Wilkins, A. J., & Roberson, D. (2015). Judging the intensity of emotional expression in faces: The effects of colored tints on individuals with autism spectrum disorder. International Society for Autism Research: Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Yatim, F. (2002). Autis suatu gangguan jiwa pada anak-anak. Jakarta : Pustaka Populer Obor.
Yoder, P, & Stone, W. L. (2006). A randomized comparison of the effect of two prelinguistic communication intervesion on the acquisition of spoken communication in preschooler with ASD. Vanderbilt University. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 426 – 435.