Mencegah “Tragedy of The Commons†Di Teluk Sawai dengan Sasi pada Era Otonomi Daerah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36636/jogiv.v1i1.294Kata Kunci:
Kata kunci: sasi laut, hak ulayat laut, pengelolaan perikanan, pemerintahan daerah, Keywords: marine sasi, Customary Marine Tenure, fisheries management, local governanceAbstrak
Abstrak
Sejak era otonomi daerah, setiap daerah memiliki kewenangan untuk mengelola dan memanfaatkan sumber daya di daerahnya, termasuk sumber daya kelautan dan perikanan. Adanya otonomi daerah juga berimplikasi pada peran serta masyarakat lokal sesuai dengan adat istiadat yang berlaku, termasuk hak ulayat laut yang dikelola adat (Customary Marine Tenure / CMT). Praktik-praktik CMT yang ada menunjukkan bahwa CMT dapat memberikan solusi terhadap masalah-masalah perikanan, termasuk mencegah munculnya tragedy of the commons yang mengakibatkan hilangnya spesies ikan. Di Kepulauan Maluku dan Papua, salah satu praktik CMT tersebut adalah hukum adat sasi laut yang berisi peraturan dan larangan dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya laut. Jika ditinjau lebih dalam, sasi laut dapat menjadi salah satu upaya tata kelola kelautan dan perikanan yang berbasis partisipasi masyarakat lokal dan memiliki prinsip berkelanjutan. Selain itu, pelaksanaan sasi laut juga membutuhkan dukungan dari pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah agar keberadaannya dapat membawa manfaat bagi masyarakat, mendukung keberlanjutan sumber daya perikanan dan kelautan, dan menjaga keanekaragaman hayati.
Kata kunci: sasi laut, hak ulayat laut, pengelolaan perikanan, pemerintahan daerah
Abstract
Since the era of regional autonomy, each region has the authority to manage and use the resources in its area, including marine and fisheries resources. The existence of regional autonomy also has implications for the participation of local communities in accordance with prevailing customs, including Customary Marine Tenure (CMT). CMT practices show that CMT can provide solutions to fisheries problems, including preventing the tragedy of the commons that could extinct fish species. In the Maluku Islands and Papua, one of the CMT practices is a customary law called marine sasi which contains rules and prohibitions in utilizing marine resources. Marine sasi is one of the efforts to regulate marine and aquaculture based on the participation of local communities and on the principles of sustainability. In addition, the implementation of marine sasi also requires support from the central government and local governments to be able to provide benefits to the community, support the sustainability of fisheries and marine resources, and support biodiversity.
Keywords: marine sasi, Customary Marine Tenure, fisheries management, local governance
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