Cynicism as Mediation The Effect of Career Plateau and Burnout on Turnover Intention

Authors

  • Rico Edi Saputro Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim image/svg+xml
  • Ryan Basith Fasih Khan Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36636/dialektika.v11i1.8607

Keywords:

Career plateau, burnout, Cynicism, Turnover Intention, Health Workers

Abstract

The growing turnover of healthcare staff is a major concern for healthcare organizations because it affects employment stability and service quality.  Factors such as career stagnation and chronic fatigue are intricately linked to turnover intention; however, cynicism may influence this relationship by either reinforcing or diminishing it.  This research seeks to assess the relationship between career plateau and burnout, with cynicism as a mediating variable, on turnover intention among healthcare workers in East Java.  This research employed a quantitative methodology utilizing an explanatory design.  The research sample included 122 respondents who were chosen by purposive sampling. The research instrument used was a Likert scale questionnaire, which was analysed using SmartPLS 3.  The findings of the research indicated that career stagnation significantly influenced turnover intention, alongside chronic fatigue.  Furthermore, cynicism exhibited a partial correlation with both career stagnation and burnout.  This indicates that healthcare organisations ought to focus on career development and burnout prevention to mitigate employee turnover rates.

References

Abelson, M. A. (1987). Examination of avoidable and unavoidable turnover. Journal of Applied psychology, 72(3), 382. In Journal of Applied psychology, 72(3), 382. (Vol. 3, Issue 1, p. 45). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738315000444%0Ahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738315000444%250Ahttp://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/48376/%255Cnhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zamm.19630430112%250Ahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/

Ambarwati, A., Setyaningrum, R. P., & Rezeki, F. (2024). The Effect of Burnout and Employee Engagement on Turnover Intention with Work-Life Balance as a Mediating Variable in Millennial Employees of PT. ABC and PT. XYZ in Bekasi Regency. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics, 7(2), 4073–4090.

Andari, D. F., Emilisa, N., & Puspa, T. (2024). Pengaruh Faktor Internal Terhadap Turnover Intention Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Jakarta. SOLUSI : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi, 22(2), 139–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26623/slsi.v22i2.8993

Apriliyandari, T., & Herachwati, N. (2023). Impact of supervisor support on workers’ turnover intention PT. Sinar Wijaya Polywood Industries: Job satisfaction as a moderator. Agrimor, 8(4), 180–187. https://doi.org/10.32938/ag.v8i4.2094 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32938/ag.v8i4.2094

Asepta, Pramitasari, U. Y. D. (2022). Pengaruh Job Stress Dan Burnout Syndrome Terhadap Turnover Intention Pada Karyawan Wanita Di Kota Malang. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (JRMSI), 13(1), 34–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/JRMSI.013.1.03

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Timur. (2024). Jumlah Tenaga Kesehatan Menurut Kabupaten, Kota Di Provinsi Jawa Timur. In BPS Prov. Jawa Timur. https://jateng.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/3/YVdwSFJHRjRVVkJqWlRWRU9EQkhNVFY0UjB4VVVUMDkjMw==/jumlah-tenaga-kesehatan-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-jawa-tengah--2023.html?year=2023

Bai, Y., Zhou, J., & He, W. (2023). How Employee Job Burnout, Work Engagement, and Turnover Intention Relate to Career Plateau During the Epidemic. Social Sciences, 12(7), 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070394

Bardwick, J. M. (1986). The Plateauing Trap, Part 1: Getting Caught. Personnel, 63(10), 46-51.

Bauernhofer, K., Bassa, D., Canazei, M., Jiménez, P., Paechter, M., Papousek, I., Fink, A., & Weiss, E. M. (2018). Subtypes in clinical burnout patients enrolled in an employee rehabilitation program: Differences in burnout profiles, depression, and recovery/resources-stress balance. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1589-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1589-y

Boamah, S. A., Hamadi, H. Y., Havaei, F., Smith, H., & Webb, F. (2022). Striking a Balance between Work and Play: The Effects of Work–Life Interference and Burnout on Faculty Turnover Intentions and Career Satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020809

Christina, V. (2022). Turnover Intention pada Perawat dan Hubungannya dengan Perceived Employability dan Role Ambiguity. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Candrajiwa, 7(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.20961/jip.v7i2.60735 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jip.v7i2.60735

Cicek, B., Turkmenoglu, M. A., & Ozbilgin, M. (2021). Examining the Mediating Role of Organisational Support on the Relationship Between Organisational Cynicism and Turnover Intention in Technology Firms in Istanbul. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(May), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.606215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.606215

Colosi, B. (2017). 2017 National Health Care Retention & RN Staffing Report. NSI Nursing Solutions, Inc, 717, 1–18. https://www.nsinursingsolutions.com/Documents/Library/NSI_National_Health_Care_Retention_Report.pdf

Dean, J. W., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/259378

Dolinta, J., & Freysteinson, W. M. (2023). Factors That Influence Nurse Managers’ Intent to Leave. Nursing Management, 54(7), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmg.0000000000000031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/nmg.0000000000000031

El-liethiey, N. S. H., & Atalla, A. D. G. (2021). Relationship between Organizational Cynicism and Nurses’ Intension for Turnover as Perceived by Nurses. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 12(2), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2021.163260 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2021.163260

Ference, T. P., Stoner, J. A., & Warren, E. K. (1977). Managing the Career Plateau. The Academy of Management Review, 2(4), 602. https://doi.org/10.2307/257512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/257512

Firmansyah, M. A., Roswaty, & Lazuarni, S. (2023). Pengaruh Burnout dan Komitmen Afektif Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan Rumah Sakit YK Madira Palembang. Jurnal EMT KITA, 7(4), 1400–1410. https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v7i4.1726 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v7i4.1726

Ghazali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Konsep, teknik, aplikasi menggunakan Smart PLS 3.0 untuk penelitian empiris. In BP UNDIP (Vol. 2, p. 290).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926610%5Cnhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4492060%0Ahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738315000444

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128

Harisetia, E., & Rizqi, M. A. (2022). YUME : Journal of Management Turnover Perawat Rumah sakit. YUME : Journal of Management, 5(2), 562–569. https://doi.org/10.37531/yume.vxix.447

Hillert, A., Albrecht, A., & Voderholzer, U. (2020). The Burnout Phenomenon: A Résumé After More Than 15,000 Scientific Publications. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(December), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.519237 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.519237

Ike, O. O., Chuke, N. N., & Nnamchi, O. C. (2024). Organizational Cynicism and Turnover Intention Among Nurses: Do Perceived Organizational Support Moderates the Relationship. SAGE Open Nursing, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608241251717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608241251717

Kelly, L. A., Gee, P. M., & Butler, R. J. (2020). Impact of nurse burnout on organizational and position turnover. Nursing Outlook, 69(1), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.06.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.06.008

Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 397–422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397

Maulidyah, & Safitri, R. (2023). Turnover Intention Karyawan BTN Syariah Malang Pengaruhnya pada Career Development, Burnout, dan Organizational Culture. ISOQUANT: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 87(1,2), 149–200. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/167638/341506.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%0Ahttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/8314/LOEBLEIN%2C LUCINEIA CARLA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%0Ahttps://antigo.mdr.gov.br/saneamento/proees

Milliman, J. F. (1992). Causes, Consequences, and Moderating Factors of Career Plateauing. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1), 1–14. http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI

Mobley, W. H. (1977). Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), 237–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.62.2.237 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.62.2.237

Mukaromah, S., & Muhadi, M. (2024). Hubungan Kepuasan Kerja Dengan Turnover Intention Pada Perawat Pegawai Negeri Sipil Dan Tenaga Kontrak Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Talisayan. Jurnal Keperawatan Wiyata, 5(1), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.35728/jkw.v5i1.1319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35728/jkw.v5i1.1319

Musthohir, R. T., & Abadiyah, R. (2022). Mengurangi Turnover Intention Karyawan Melalui Pengelolaan Konflik Kerja dan Stres Kerja pada Karyawan IKM. Innovative Technologica: Methodical Research Journal, 1(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.47134/innovative.v1i2.72%0Ahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.47134/innovative.v1i2.72

Nazir, T., Umer, M., Najam, M., Nawab, S., Maqsoom, A., Shafi, K., Munir, Y., & Nawaz, I. (2022). Impact Role Stress on Turnover Intentions of Pakistan’s Healthcare Workers: Mediating and Moderating Role of Organizational Cynicism and Self-Efficacy. Plos One, 17(12), e0279075. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279075

Ng, C. T. S., Chen, H.-C., Chen, I.-H., & Wu, C.-Y. (2024). Career planning and turnover intention: a moderated moderation model of career plateau and risk-taking propensity. Evidence-Based HRM: A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 12(3), 630–642. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-03-2022-0058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-03-2022-0058

Noerchoidah, N., Widowati, D., Mahmudah, S., & Pudji Estiasih, S. (2023). Career Plateau Forms Turnover Intention: The Important Role of Affective Commitment and Career Satisfaction. Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide Dan Inspirasi, 10(2), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.24252/minds.v10i2.39583 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24252/minds.v10i2.39583

NSI. (2025). 2025 NSI National Health Care Retention & RN Staffing Report. NSI Nursing Solutions, Inc, 717. https://www.nsinursingsolutions.com/documents/library/nsi_national_health_care_retention_report.pdf

Obianuju, A. E., Augustine, A., & Phina, O. Nj. (2021). Career Plateauing and Employee Turnover Intentions: a Civil Service Perspective. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 3(4), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v3i4.219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v3i4.219

Panagioti, M., Panagopoulou, E., Bower, P., Lewith, G., Kontopantelis, E., Chew-Graham, C., Dawson, S., Van Marwijk, H., Geraghty, K., & Esmail, A. (2017). Controlled interventions to reduce burnout in physicians a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 177(2), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7674 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7674

Permatasari, C., & Laily, N. (2021). Pengaruh Job Insecurity dan Burnout Terhadap Turnover Intention Melalui Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Tenaga Kesehatan RS di Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Manajemen, 10(11), 1–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31604/jim.v6i1.2022.11-18

Polat, Ş. (2025). The Effect of Nurses’ Individual and Occupational Characteristics and Perceptions of Hierarchical Career Plateau on Their Turnover Intention: A Cross-Sectional Study. Plos One, 20(4), e0316895. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316895 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316895

Puteri, D. F., & Syakurah, R. A. (2024). Impact of job satisfaction and job burnout on nurses’ turnover intention at X Regional Hospital. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health, 7(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.87883 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.87883

Ran, L., Chen, X., Peng, S., Zheng, F., Tan, X., & Duan, R. (2020). Job burnout and turnover intention among Chinese primary healthcare staff: The mediating effect of satisfaction. BMJ Open, 10(10), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036702 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036702

Santi, M. W., Nandini, N., & Alfiansyah, G. (2020). the Effect of Burnout Syndrome on Turnover Intention Using Organizational Commitment As an Intermediate Variable. Indonesian Journal of Health Administration, 8(2), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v8i2.2020.109-122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v8i2.2020.109-122

Schaufeli, W. B., & Van Dierendonck, D. (1993). The construct validity of two burnout measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(7), 631–647. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140703

Sijabat, R. (2018). Peran Career Plateau Dan Kepuasan Kerja Dalam Membentuk Turnover Intention. Jurnal Bisnis Strategi, 26(2), 163. https://doi.org/10.14710/jbs.26.2.163-179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jbs.26.2.163-179

Sintyadewi, N. P. M. N., & Dewi, I. G. A. M. (2020). Peran Burnout Memediasi Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan Kutabex Beach Front Hotel Bali. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 9(6), 2308. https://doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2020.v09.i06.p13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2020.v09.i06.p13

Soelistiyorini, V., & Sujoko. (2025). The Influence of Job Burnout on Turnover Intention Among Nurses in Hospitals / Health Clinics. American Journal of Open Research, 4(3).

Spiridonova, T., Stavrova, O., Evans, A., & Van Beest, I. (2023). Cynical, but Useful?: A Lay Beliefs Perspective on Cynical Leaders’ Ability to Prevent Antisocial Behavior at Work. Social Psychology, 54(5), 294–307. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000528 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000528

Suharsono, H. D., Fitriasari, N., Yudiansyah, A. G., & Putra, F. S. (2019). the Effect of Spirituality on the Syndrome of Burn Out and Nurse Turnover Intention At the Islamic Hospital of Gondanglegi Malang. Journal of Nursing Science Update (JNSU), 7(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jik.2019.007.02.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jik.2019.007.02.2

Yosiana, S., & Suci, N. M. (2022). Pengaruh Kompensasi, Beban Kerja, dan Burnout Serta Damxss paknya Terhadap Turnover Intention Guru Honorer Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Jembrana. Jurnal Manajemen, 8(1), 186–195.

Published

2026-03-18

How to Cite

Cynicism as Mediation The Effect of Career Plateau and Burnout on Turnover Intention . (2026). Dialektika : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ilmu Sosial, 11(1), 162-176. https://doi.org/10.36636/dialektika.v11i1.8607