Probabilistic Forecasting of M≥5.0 Earthquakes in East Java: A 30-Day LSTM Approach Using Seismic Feature Data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70609/g-tech.v10i2.9504Keywords:
Earthquake Prediction, Long Short-Term Memory, Probabilistic Forecasting, Binary Classification, Seismicity ParametersAbstract
East Java is a seismically active region where short-term earthquake forecasting remains a critical yet challenging endeavor. While deterministic prediction is inherently unfeasible, probabilistic modeling offers a practical pathway for risk mitigation. This study develops a 30-day forward-window probabilistic forecasting model for M≥5.0 earthquakes in East Java using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network framed as a binary classification task. The model is trained on 25 years of seismic data (2001–2025) from BMKG Stasiun Geofisika Pasuruan. Twenty-five seismic features were rigorously selected through correlation analysis and data-leakage prevention protocols, while class imbalance was mitigated using adaptive loss weighting. The LSTM architecture was systematically optimized via sequential hyperparameter tuning and robust validation strategies. On a hold-out test set, the model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.752, F1-score of 0.484, and recall of 0.673, indicating the model's capacity to detect impending seismic events with reasonable sensitivity. These results confirm that deep learning can effectively capture non-linear temporal patterns in seismic sequences. The primary contribution of this work is a validated, operationally ready probabilistic forecasting framework that can be integrated into regional earthquake monitoring systems, providing actionable lead time for disaster preparedness in East Java.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nanang Yulianto, Totok Chamidy, Mochamad Imamudin, Suhartono Suhartono, Muhammad Ainul Yaqin
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