Evaluation of the Level of Physical Damage Due to Erosion in Post-Sand Mining Land Using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70609/g-tech.v10i2.9341Keywords:
Erosion Rate, Former Sand Mining Land, Physical Damage, USLEAbstract
Sand mining activities at Km. 29 in Bukit Batu District, Palangka Raya City, have caused significant physical land damage. This study quantifies erosion rates in former sand mining areas using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) through field surveys and laboratory analysis. Soil samples were collected purposively from four locations (Kolong 1 TL, Kolong 2 TL, Kolong 1 BD, Kolong 2 BD) at 0-20 cm depth with three replications. Results showed erosion rates ranging from 0.54 to 2.52 tons/ha/year, classified as “very low” according to standard erosion hazard categories. However, in post-mining contexts with initial degradation, these rates indicate serious land vulnerability. The dominant factors influencing erosion were high rainfall erosivity (R=998.45 MJ.mm/ha/hr/year), minimal vegetation cover (C=0.8), and the absence of conservation practices (P=1), whereas soil erodibility was inherently very low (K=0.005-0.014). Although numerically classified as very low, the former sand mining land requires immediate conservation intervention. Practical implications emphasize integrated conservation through vegetative approaches (fast-growing cover crops) and mechanical methods (gulud terraces and rorak), focusing on modifying the conservation practice factor (P) as the most easily intervenable variable to prevent increased erosion and restore land conditions.
References
Ambarwati, A. A. (2018). Analisis Pengaruh erosivitas Hujan (R) Terhadap Laju Erosi dengan Menggunakan Metode USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) di Wilayah DAS Sampean. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Universitas Jember. Skripsi.
Andriyani, I., Indarto, Soekarno, S., & Pradana, M.P. (2024). Analysis of Rainfall Erosivity Factor (R) on Prediction of Erosion Yield Using USLE and RUSLE Model's A Case Study in Mayang Watershed Jember Regency, Indonesia. Sains Tanah Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 21(1), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.63641
Arsyad, S. (2010). Konservasi Tanah dan Air. Bogor: IPB Press.
Asdak, C. (2014). Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Produksi pasir di Indonesia. Jakarta: BPS.
Das, S., Jain, M.K., & Gupta, V. (2022). Comparative assessment of rainfall erosivity in Tripura, Northeast India using different methods. Journal of Earth System Science, 131(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01921-7
Dash, C.J., Das, N.K., & Adhikary, P.P. (2019). Rainfall erosivity and its estimation using conventional and machine learning methods in Eastern Ghats Highland of India. Catena, 178, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.03.007
Dewi, I. K., Hardin, Ernawati, Ismail, Karim, Susilawati, S., ... & Raf, N. (2019). Implementation of environmental management policies on the impact of illegal sand mining. In IOP conference series: Earth and environmental science (Vol. 343, No. 1, p. 012129). IOP Publishing.
Djuwansah, M.R., & Mulyono, A. (2017). Kajian erodibilitas tanah di Pulau Lombok. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 15(1), 23-31.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2015). Status of the World's Soil Resources (SWSR) – Main Report. Rome: FAO.
Global Sand Observatory. (2021). Global sand consumption and its environmental impact. Laporan Tahunan.
Hudson, N.W. (1995). Soil Conservation (3rd ed.). London: Batsford Ltd.
Irawan, D. (2016). Analisis erosi pada tambang tanah liat di Bogor sebelum dan sesudah tindakan konservasi (Skripsi). Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Kusumandari, A., Marsono, D., Sabarnurdin, S., & Gunawan, T. (2012). Pengklasteran Erosi di Sub DAS Ngrancah Kulonprogo. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 19(2), 145-156.
Morgan, R.P.C. (2005). Soil Erosion and Conservation (3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Neuman, W.L. (2011). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
RCS-USDA State Office of Michigan. (n.d.). K Factor. Institute of Water Research, Michigan State University. Diambil dari http://www.iwr.msu.edu/rusle/kfactor.htm
Renard, K.G., Foster, G.R., Weesies, G.A., McCool, D.K., & Yoder, D.C. (1997). Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 703. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Revara, R., & Nugroho, N. E. (2025). Pengendalian Laju Erosi Di Area Reklamasi Pascatambang Batubara Loop 5 PT Kaltim Batumanunggal, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Satubumi, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.31315/psb.v6i1.14451
Sarminah, S., Karyati, & Anwar, M. (2017). Analisis Tingkat Bahaya Erosi pada Kawasan Reklamasi Tambang Batu Bara. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 24(2), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.25247
Seo, Y.S. (2018). Karakteristik Erodibilitas Tanah pada Area Disposal Tambang Batubara di Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 45-53.
Smith, J., Brown, L., & Green, R. (2020). Environmental impacts of sand mining: A review. Environmental Science & Policy, 105, 123-130.
Sukartaatmadja, S., Dhalhar, M.A., & Syahdu, L.M. (2002). Potensi kehilangan tanah karena erosi serta tindakan pengawetan tanah dan air di daerah aliran sungai Ciliwung Hulu (Skripsi). Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Sukri, A.S., Saripuddin, M., & Talanipa, R. (2023). Potential erosion in mining, oil palm plantations, and watersheds reforestation areas. Civil Engineering Journal, 9(9), 2193-2204.
Suprapti, S., & Arsyad, S. (1992). Kajian Erodibilitas Tanah di Sub-DAS Saguling, Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 2(1), 25-32.
Wischmeier, W.H., & Mannering, J.V. (1969). Relation of soil properties to its erodibility. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 33, 131-137.
Wischmeier, W.H., & Smith, D.D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: a guide to conservation planning. Agriculture Handbook No. 537. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Zhang, X., & Yu, G. (2023). A review of soil erodibility (K factor) for different soil types and its influencing factors. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 23(4), 1567-1582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03456-8
Zulkarnain, Hartanto , R. M. N., Paranoan, R. R., Uzhary, S. A., & Rahmi, A. (2023). Erosion Rate in Post-Coal Mining Reclamation Area in Kutai Kartanegara District, Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 24(4), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2023/v24i4533
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Novalisae Novalisae, Noveriady Noveriady , I Putu Putrawiyanta, Ferdinandus Ferdinandus , Yulius Kahanjak, Grace Any Pasaribu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
